What is a building automation system?

• A. A system that uses microprocessors to control energy-using devices in a building.
• B. A software tool for architectural design and modeling building energy use.
• C. A manual switchboard that controls lighting only.
• D. A wireless sensor network for city infrastructure.

Answer: (A)

Building automation systems are centralized, computer-based networks that use microprocessors to monitor and control a building’s energy-using equipment. They serve as the brains of the building, running control sequences, reading sensor data (temperature, occupancy, humidity), and sending commands to actuators to adjust HVAC, lighting, pumps, and other devices. The goal is to maintain occupant comfort and safety while maximizing energy efficiency by automatically coordinating multiple systems and providing monitoring and alarms. This differs from software for architectural design and energy modeling, which analyzes performance without controlling real devices; from manual switchboards that require human operation; and from wireless sensor networks aimed at city infrastructure rather than a single building.